libpqxx
The C++ client library for PostgreSQL
row.hxx
1 /* Definitions for the pqxx::result class and support classes.
2  *
3  * pqxx::result represents the set of result rows from a database query.
4  *
5  * DO NOT INCLUDE THIS FILE DIRECTLY; include pqxx/result instead.
6  *
7  * Copyright (c) 2000-2025, Jeroen T. Vermeulen.
8  *
9  * See COPYING for copyright license. If you did not receive a file called
10  * COPYING with this source code, please notify the distributor of this
11  * mistake, or contact the author.
12  */
13 #ifndef PQXX_H_ROW
14 #define PQXX_H_ROW
15 
16 #if !defined(PQXX_HEADER_PRE)
17 # error "Include libpqxx headers as <pqxx/header>, not <pqxx/header.hxx>."
18 #endif
19 
20 #include "pqxx/except.hxx"
21 #include "pqxx/field.hxx"
22 #include "pqxx/result.hxx"
23 
24 #include "pqxx/internal/concat.hxx"
25 
26 namespace pqxx::internal
27 {
28 template<typename... T> class result_iter;
29 } // namespace pqxx::internal
30 
31 
32 namespace pqxx
33 {
35 
46 class PQXX_LIBEXPORT row
47 {
48 public:
49  // TODO: Some of these types conflict: class is both iterator and container.
50  // TODO: Set iterator nested types using std::iterator_traits.
51  using size_type = row_size_type;
52  using difference_type = row_difference_type;
54  using iterator = const_iterator;
55  using reference = field;
59 
60  row() noexcept = default;
61  row(row &&) noexcept = default;
62  row(row const &) noexcept = default;
63  row &operator=(row const &) noexcept = default;
64  row &operator=(row &&) noexcept = default;
65 
70  [[nodiscard]] PQXX_PURE bool operator==(row const &) const noexcept;
71  [[nodiscard]] bool operator!=(row const &rhs) const noexcept
72  {
73  return not operator==(rhs);
74  }
76 
77  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator begin() const noexcept;
78  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;
79  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator end() const noexcept;
80  [[nodiscard]] const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
81 
86  [[nodiscard]] reference front() const noexcept;
87  [[nodiscard]] reference back() const noexcept;
88 
89  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
90  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
91  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator rend() const noexcept;
92  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator crend() const noexcept;
93 
94  [[nodiscard]] reference operator[](size_type) const noexcept;
98  [[nodiscard]] reference operator[](zview col_name) const;
99 
100  reference at(size_type) const;
104  reference at(zview col_name) const;
105 
106  [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type size() const noexcept
107  {
108  return m_end - m_begin;
109  }
110 
112  [[nodiscard]] constexpr result::size_type rownumber() const noexcept
113  {
114  return m_index;
115  }
116 
121  [[nodiscard]] size_type column_number(zview col_name) const;
123 
125  [[nodiscard]] oid column_type(size_type) const;
126 
128  [[nodiscard]] oid column_type(zview col_name) const
129  {
130  return column_type(column_number(col_name));
131  }
132 
134  [[nodiscard]] oid column_table(size_type col_num) const;
135 
137  [[nodiscard]] oid column_table(zview col_name) const
138  {
139  return column_table(column_number(col_name));
140  }
141 
143 
150  [[nodiscard]] size_type table_column(size_type) const;
151 
153  [[nodiscard]] size_type table_column(zview col_name) const
154  {
155  return table_column(column_number(col_name));
156  }
158 
159  [[nodiscard]] constexpr result::size_type num() const noexcept
160  {
161  return rownumber();
162  }
163 
165 
173  template<typename Tuple> void to(Tuple &t) const
174  {
175  check_size(std::tuple_size_v<Tuple>);
176  convert(t);
177  }
178 
180 
188  template<typename... TYPE> std::tuple<TYPE...> as() const
189  {
190  check_size(sizeof...(TYPE));
191  using seq = std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(TYPE)>;
192  return get_tuple<std::tuple<TYPE...>>(seq{});
193  }
194 
196 
202  template<typename TUPLE> TUPLE as_tuple() const
203  {
204  check_size(std::tuple_size_v<TUPLE>);
205  using seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<TUPLE>>;
206  return get_tuple<TUPLE>(seq{});
207  }
208 
209  [[deprecated("Swap iterators, not rows.")]] void swap(row &) noexcept;
210 
222  [[deprecated("Row slicing is going away. File a bug if you need it.")]] row
223  slice(size_type sbegin, size_type send) const;
224 
226  [[nodiscard, deprecated("Row slicing is going away.")]] PQXX_PURE bool
227  empty() const noexcept;
228 
229 protected:
230  friend class const_row_iterator;
231  friend class result;
232  row(result r, result_size_type index, size_type cols) noexcept;
233 
235  void check_size(size_type expected) const
236  {
237  if (size() != expected)
239  "Tried to extract ", expected, " field(s) from a row of ", size(),
240  ".")};
241  }
242 
243  template<typename... T> friend class pqxx::internal::result_iter;
245  template<typename Tuple> void convert(Tuple &t) const
246  {
247  extract_fields(t, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<Tuple>>{});
248  }
249 
250  friend class field;
251 
254 
256 
260  result::size_type m_index = 0;
261 
262  // TODO: Remove m_begin and (if possible) m_end when we remove slice().
264  size_type m_begin = 0;
266  size_type m_end = 0;
267 
268 private:
269  template<typename Tuple, std::size_t... indexes>
270  void extract_fields(Tuple &t, std::index_sequence<indexes...>) const
271  {
272  (extract_value<Tuple, indexes>(t), ...);
273  }
274 
275  template<typename Tuple, std::size_t index>
276  void extract_value(Tuple &t) const;
277 
279  template<typename TUPLE, std::size_t... indexes>
280  auto get_tuple(std::index_sequence<indexes...>) const
281  {
282  return std::make_tuple(get_field<TUPLE, indexes>()...);
283  }
284 
286  template<typename TUPLE, std::size_t index> auto get_field() const
287  {
288  return (*this)[index].as<std::tuple_element_t<index, TUPLE>>();
289  }
290 };
291 
292 
294 class PQXX_LIBEXPORT const_row_iterator : public field
295 {
296 public:
297  using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
298  using value_type = field const;
299  using pointer = field const *;
300  using size_type = row_size_type;
301  using difference_type = row_difference_type;
302  using reference = field;
303 
304 #include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
305  const_row_iterator() noexcept = default;
306 #include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
307  const_row_iterator(row const &t, row_size_type c) noexcept :
308  field{t.m_result, t.m_index, c}
309  {}
310  const_row_iterator(field const &F) noexcept : field{F} {}
311  const_row_iterator(const_row_iterator const &) noexcept = default;
312  const_row_iterator(const_row_iterator &&) noexcept = default;
313 
318  [[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept { return this; }
319  [[nodiscard]] reference operator*() const noexcept { return {*this}; }
321 
326  const_row_iterator &operator=(const_row_iterator const &) noexcept = default;
327  const_row_iterator &operator=(const_row_iterator &&) noexcept = default;
328 
329  const_row_iterator operator++(int) & noexcept;
330  const_row_iterator &operator++() noexcept
331  {
332  ++m_col;
333  return *this;
334  }
335  const_row_iterator operator--(int) & noexcept;
336  const_row_iterator &operator--() noexcept
337  {
338  --m_col;
339  return *this;
340  }
341 
342  const_row_iterator &operator+=(difference_type i) noexcept
343  {
344  m_col = size_type(difference_type(m_col) + i);
345  return *this;
346  }
347  const_row_iterator &operator-=(difference_type i) noexcept
348  {
349  m_col = size_type(difference_type(m_col) - i);
350  return *this;
351  }
353 
358  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
359  operator==(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
360  {
361  return col() == i.col();
362  }
363  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
364  operator!=(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
365  {
366  return col() != i.col();
367  }
368  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
369  operator<(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
370  {
371  return col() < i.col();
372  }
373  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
374  operator<=(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
375  {
376  return col() <= i.col();
377  }
378  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
379  operator>(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
380  {
381  return col() > i.col();
382  }
383  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
384  operator>=(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
385  {
386  return col() >= i.col();
387  }
389 
394  [[nodiscard]] inline const_row_iterator
395  operator+(difference_type) const noexcept;
396 
397  friend const_row_iterator
398  operator+(difference_type, const_row_iterator const &) noexcept;
399 
400  [[nodiscard]] inline const_row_iterator
401  operator-(difference_type) const noexcept;
402  [[nodiscard]] inline difference_type
403  operator-(const_row_iterator const &) const noexcept;
404 
405  [[nodiscard]] inline field operator[](difference_type offset) const noexcept
406  {
407  return *(*this + offset);
408  }
410 };
411 
412 
414 class PQXX_LIBEXPORT const_reverse_row_iterator : private const_row_iterator
415 {
416 public:
417  using super = const_row_iterator;
419  using iterator_type::difference_type;
420  using iterator_type::iterator_category;
421  using iterator_type::pointer;
422  using value_type = iterator_type::value_type;
424 
425  const_reverse_row_iterator() noexcept = default;
427  default;
429 
430  explicit const_reverse_row_iterator(super const &rhs) noexcept :
431  const_row_iterator{rhs}
432  {
433  super::operator--();
434  }
435 
436  [[nodiscard]] PQXX_PURE iterator_type base() const noexcept;
437 
442  using iterator_type::operator->;
443  using iterator_type::operator*;
445 
451  operator=(const_reverse_row_iterator const &r) noexcept
452  {
453  iterator_type::operator=(r);
454  return *this;
455  }
456  const_reverse_row_iterator operator++() noexcept
457  {
458  iterator_type::operator--();
459  return *this;
460  }
461  const_reverse_row_iterator operator++(int) & noexcept;
462  const_reverse_row_iterator &operator--() noexcept
463  {
464  iterator_type::operator++();
465  return *this;
466  }
467  const_reverse_row_iterator operator--(int) &;
468  const_reverse_row_iterator &operator+=(difference_type i) noexcept
469  {
470  iterator_type::operator-=(i);
471  return *this;
472  }
473  const_reverse_row_iterator &operator-=(difference_type i) noexcept
474  {
475  iterator_type::operator+=(i);
476  return *this;
477  }
479 
484  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator
485  operator+(difference_type i) const noexcept
486  {
487  return const_reverse_row_iterator{base() - i};
488  }
489  [[nodiscard]] const_reverse_row_iterator
490  operator-(difference_type i) noexcept
491  {
492  return const_reverse_row_iterator{base() + i};
493  }
494  [[nodiscard]] difference_type
495  operator-(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
496  {
497  return rhs.const_row_iterator::operator-(*this);
498  }
499  [[nodiscard]] inline field operator[](difference_type offset) const noexcept
500  {
501  return *(*this + offset);
502  }
504 
509  [[nodiscard]] bool
510  operator==(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
511  {
512  return iterator_type::operator==(rhs);
513  }
514  [[nodiscard]] bool
515  operator!=(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
516  {
517  return !operator==(rhs);
518  }
519 
520  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
521  operator<(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
522  {
523  return iterator_type::operator>(rhs);
524  }
525  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
526  operator<=(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
527  {
528  return iterator_type::operator>=(rhs);
529  }
530  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
531  operator>(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
532  {
533  return iterator_type::operator<(rhs);
534  }
535  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
536  operator>=(const_reverse_row_iterator const &rhs) const noexcept
537  {
538  return iterator_type::operator<=(rhs);
539  }
541 };
542 
543 
545 const_row_iterator::operator+(difference_type o) const noexcept
546 {
547  // TODO:: More direct route to home().columns()?
548  return {
549  row{home(), idx(), home().columns()},
550  size_type(difference_type(col()) + o)};
551 }
552 
553 inline const_row_iterator operator+(
554  const_row_iterator::difference_type o, const_row_iterator const &i) noexcept
555 {
556  return i + o;
557 }
558 
559 inline const_row_iterator
560 const_row_iterator::operator-(difference_type o) const noexcept
561 {
562  // TODO:: More direct route to home().columns()?
563  return {
564  row{home(), idx(), home().columns()},
565  size_type(difference_type(col()) - o)};
566 }
567 
568 inline const_row_iterator::difference_type
569 const_row_iterator::operator-(const_row_iterator const &i) const noexcept
570 {
571  return difference_type(num() - i.num());
572 }
573 
574 
575 template<typename Tuple, std::size_t index>
576 inline void row::extract_value(Tuple &t) const
577 {
578  using field_type = strip_t<decltype(std::get<index>(t))>;
579  field const f{m_result, m_index, index};
580  std::get<index>(t) = from_string<field_type>(f);
581 }
582 } // namespace pqxx
583 #endif
std::string concat(TYPE...item)
Efficiently combine a bunch of items into one big string.
Definition: concat.hxx:31
Marker-type wrapper: zero-terminated std::string_view.
Definition: zview.hxx:37
Error in usage of libpqxx library, similar to std::logic_error.
Definition: except.hxx:248
Internal items for libpqxx' own use. Do not use these yourself.
Definition: encodings.cxx:32
Reference to one row in a result.
Definition: row.hxx:46
const_row_iterator(row const &t, row_size_type c) noexcept
End a code block started by "ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx".
Definition: row.hxx:307
TUPLE as_tuple() const
Convert to a given tuple of values,.
Definition: row.hxx:202
constexpr result::size_type rownumber() const noexcept
Row number, assuming this is a real row and not end()/rend().
Definition: row.hxx:112
void to(Tuple &t) const
Extract entire row's values into a tuple.
Definition: row.hxx:173
int row_size_type
Number of fields in a row of database data.
Definition: types.hxx:34
Result set containing data returned by a query or command.
Definition: result.hxx:91
int result_size_type
Number of rows in a result set.
Definition: types.hxx:28
oid column_type(zview col_name) const
Return a column's type.
Definition: row.hxx:128
oid column_table(zview col_name) const
What table did this column come from?
Definition: row.hxx:137
result m_result
Result set of which this is one row.
Definition: row.hxx:253
The home of all libpqxx classes, functions, templates, etc.
Definition: array.cxx:26
Reference to a field in a result set.
Definition: field.hxx:34
unsigned int oid
PostgreSQL database row identifier.
Definition: libpq-forward.hxx:33
int row_difference_type
Difference between row sizes.
Definition: types.hxx:37
Reverse iterator for a row. Use as row::const_reverse_iterator.
Definition: row.hxx:414
Iterator for fields in a row. Use as row::const_iterator.
Definition: row.hxx:294
void convert(Tuple &t) const
Convert entire row to tuple fields, without checking row size.
Definition: row.hxx:245
std::tuple< TYPE... > as() const
Extract entire row's values into a tuple.
Definition: row.hxx:188
result::size_type m_index
Row number.
Definition: row.hxx:260
Iterator for looped unpacking of a result.
Definition: result_iter.hxx:26
size_type table_column(zview col_name) const
What column number in its table did this result column come from?
Definition: row.hxx:153